ADDING PRINCIPLE

In a global perspective, any organisation which is operating in a multnational environment must take care of the ADDING FRAMEWORK

A- Add volume (if you are going across geographies, you should be able to expand the volume of business

D- Decrease cost

D- Differentiate

I- Improving industry attractiveness

N- Normalise risk

G- Generating and upgrading knowledge

SERVQUAL

Kapferer Brand identity Prism

Payback

time it takes for capital budgeting projects to recover their initial costs

BEP

BEP is a point at which a company sells enough volume to cover the fixed cost

BEP (volume)= Fixed Cost/Contribution=FC/sales-Variable cost

Fixed cost=operating FC

Payback is related to capital investment

Advertisement Evaluation Parameters

Comprehension
Credibility
Impact

Product Diffusion Process